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Nemocnost a úhyny telat dojeného skotu v období do odstavu
Nováková, Viktória
The bachelor’s thesis Diseases and deaths of dairy cattle calves in the period until weaning describes an overview of the most common diseases of calves from birth to weaning and the causes of their death in this time period. The most common diseases affecting the gastrointestinal tract are septicemic coli infection, diarrhoic syndrome and infectious enterotoxemia. The respiratory system is most often affected by the respiratory syndrome, which as a complex of diseases includes infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, parainfluenza 3, bovine respiratory syncytial virus and pasteurellosis. Calves diseases are affected by various factors that affect their health. Health is conditioned to a large extent by colostral and milk nutrition, the principles of witch are based on we will discuss. If one of the factors affecting health is disturbed, it can have impact on breeding. Practical part with the most common diseases and their treatment in a company in Slovakia. Based on the results, it was found that in the given farm, the morbidity rate is 86.26% of the total number of calves until weaning. The most prevalent were diarrheal diseases 48.07% and respiratory diseases 36.05%. The recommendation is to educate employees about the technological and animal hygiene principles of husbandry.
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Vliv ročního období a pořadí laktace na kvalitu mleziva holštýnských krav ve vybraném podniku
Slechanová, Marie
The topic of the bachelor's thesis was to monitor the influence of the season and the order of lactation on the quality of colostrum of Holstein cows. The bachelor thesis is divided into several parts. In the literary research, the work deals with the characteristics, meaning and composition of colostrum. The theoretical part describes the effects on the quality of colostrum or colostrum preservation. In the practical part is characterized, the company that provided the data and samples for this work. Colostrum from dairy cows in the 1st to 3rd and higher lactations during the seasons was evaluated. Density, the amount of lactose in colostrum, and the percentage of fat, protein, and lactose were measured from the evaluation indicators. The results show that the quality of colostrum increases with increasing lactation. Based on the obtained results, it is not proven that the influence of the season has a major influence on the quality of colostrum. The measured values of the indicators were higher or lower on the monitored farm in accordance with the professional literature.
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Výživa telat v období do odstavu
Sladký, David
Nowadays, the topic of calf nutrition in the weaning period is increasingly discussed. The theoretical part of the bachelor thesis describes the period of colostrum, milk and starter nutrition and weaning of calves. Furthermore, an overview of the feeds used in calves during the lactation period is presented, focusing on colostrum, milk replacers, starter feeds and drinking water. In the practical part, the results of a trial of feeding dairy compound feeds from two different producers are described. 20 calves were included in the trial and divided into two groups and after the lactation period, ten of them were fed with Multimilk Vital from VVS Verměřovice and the other group with Telfid Extra from FIDES AGRO, s. All calves were monitored for weight, health, consumption of starter mixture and gains were calculated and an economic evaluation of the cost of rearing calves was carried out. No statistically significant differences were found in live weight of calves, daily gains or consumption of starter mixture throughout the experiment. At one stage of rearing, a higher incidence of diarrhoea was found in calves fed Telfid Extra. Although the final evaluation of the increments showed almost identical results, after recalculation of the economic aspect, Telfid Extra with a cost of 47.57 CZK per kg of increment was more economical than the Multimilk Vital mixture, where the cost per kg of increment in the feed used was calculated at 58.02 CZK.
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Vliv vybraných minerálních prvků ve vztahu ke krevnímu obrazu u skotu.
DRESLER, Sylva
The aim of the current doctoral thesis is to evaluate the influence of the composition of a total mixed ration supplemented with dietary, organically bound zinc on health status and related hematological and biochemical parameters and mineral levels in blood in cows and their calves. The experimental part is divided in two subareas. The first experiment is monitoring the effect of supplementation of the organic form of zinc on lactation performance of cows and effect of TMR composition on the blood parameters of the hematological, metabolic, and mineral profile of cows and their calves. The second experiment is focused on an effect of the addition of organic zinc on blood parameters, health, and immunological status of weaned calves - metabolic profile, concentration of vitamins A and E, trace elements Cu and Zn, and total immunoglobulin levels in blood serum.
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Hodnocení růstové schopnosti telat plemene galloway ve vybraném stádě masného skotu
KARAS, Aleš
Object of this thesis was evaluating growth ability of galloway calves in chosen company. Source of dates was KUMP and the observed period was from 2005 to 2020, ie a total of sixteen years. In thesis was observed indicators of growth ability, specifically achieved weight in 120 and 210 days with increments during inspected years per observed period and their comparison between bulls and heifers. Furthermore, the effect on these abilities of each breeding bull, that was active in herd, and effect on number of calved females or their parity. Finally, a comparison of the achieved values in monitored company with the average in Czech Republic. Large differences were found between bulls and heifers, where bulls achieved on average, about of 10 % higher values of gained weight and gain than heifers. A significant effect was also found according to the order of calving, when the growth abilities of calves are improved from the sixth birth, thanks to better milkiness of cows. The effect of breeding bull is quite noticeable, because the biggest difference between the minimum and maximal achieved average weight in 120 and 210 days is 38 kg for heifers and 54 kg for bulls.
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Vztahy mezi kvalitou mleziva, růstem a zdravotním stavem telat
ŠLEGLOVÁ, Lucie
This bachelor thesis deals with the issue of calf rearing, especially in the period of colostrum and dairy nutrition. As the basis of successful cattle breeding is the breeding of calves, emphasis must be placed on their timely connection with quality colostrum. Colostrum is the first secretion of the mammary gland immediately after calving. It contains important components, especially immunoglobulins, which play an important role in the nutrition of calves, provide passive immunity of calves after birth, health and vital functions in the first ectopic period of the calf cubs. Another important aspect for successful and healthy rearing of calves is, for example, the technology of housing calves or their subsequent nutrition in individual rearing periods, which are also described in the thesis.
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Vyhodnocení růstu a zdravotního stavu telat v závislosti na různých chovatelských podmínkách
DUŠEK, Jan
The goal of every livestock farmer should be a viable, well-growing healthy calf that passes on its genetic information to future generations. This thesis deals with the impact of growth and health of calves depending on the selected breeding technology in chosen farm of Holstein cattle. The aim was to compare various ways of housing calves in operating conditions. The chosen hypothesis predicts to achieve better results of calves housed in an individual system (VIB) compared to a group system (VSB). In 2020 a group of calves (n 41), divided evenly into various housing systems (individual /group), was monitored in the selected farm. The experiment lasted from the birth to the 85th day. Based on the results of the experiment, the calves of both observed groups received quality colostrum (average value of 26.17 % Brix) in the sufficient amount (average amount at the first drink 3.45 l). Calves are not weighed at birth in this farm (calves are assigned a value of 30 kg, regardless of sex). The average measured birth weight was 38.4 kg. It would be good to adjust this value in the in-house system to reflect reality better. On the basis of the results of observations, the original hypothesis can be rejected. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups of calves when compared. It is not possible to confirm / exclude the degree of susceptibility of individual groups of calves to infectious pressures and diseases objectively (statistically) due to a small number of observations. Diarrheal diseases were more serious problem. These diseases occurred most in calves up to one month of their age, with a disease prevalence of 25 % and an average mortality of 7,4 %. No statistically significant difference was found when weight gains were compared. Weaned calves of the VIB housing system showed higher profitability, on average CZK 313 per calf, CZK 2.92 per kg of weight gain. From the point of view of animal welfare, there were problems with scraped backs of the calves housed in plastic sheds (Calf - Tel) because of their height at the shoulder. These sheds had a low entryway (95 cm). In the farm, the milk fed calves are fed from free surface; the teats are not used here. It would be worth considering and testing whether a change of a calf feeding method had a positive effect on the prevalence of diarrheal diseases. This could lead not only to a reduction in costs of potential veterinary care and medicine, but also to an increase in weight gain and thus to higher economic yields.
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Vliv způsobu odchovu telat holštýnského plemene skotu na jejich další růstovou schopnost
Čunderle, Jan
The submitted bachelor thesis aims to analyze and evaluate the effect of method of rearing calves holstein breed of cattle on their growth ability. Monitoring was conducted for 24 pieces of calves heifers of holstein breed, in two repetitions in different seasons (spring and fall). One half of the calves were fed with native milk and other milk replacers. Monitoring was repeated by weighing in seven-day intervals. The resulting values of the gains for calves on milk replacers are an average of 0.79 kg/day (1. the period of 0.81 kg/day, 2. the period of 0.77 kg/day), in native milk are the average gains of 0.76 kg/day (1. the period of 0.83 kg/day, 2. the period of 0.69 kg/day). From the detected results, it is shown the minimum difference in the performance of rearing.
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Výživa telat do třetího měsíce věku
Bázlerová, Lenka
The aim of this work is to understand the importance of proper nutrition of calves up to the 3rd month of age. The reason is that just the healthy and vital calf is able to use the maximum of the genetic potential in the production period and thus has a positive influence on economy of the breed. The first part of the work describes the current state of cattle in the Czech Republic, which includes statistical data on born and dead calves. The development of calves is divided into three specific periods: colostrum, dairy and plant feed. The colostrum period is mainly focused on the quality of the colostrum, the hygiene during feeding or the ways of influencing the quality of the colostrum. The milk period describes ways of feeding calves with milk and milk replacer. It is decribes as well how to get used to plant feed. The plant feed is necessary mainly for the weaning of calves. To the end there is described the most common mistakes in the nutrition and feeding of calves and the effects on their health.
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Vliv tělesného rámce dojnic na porodní hmotnost telat českého strakatého skotu
Halvová, Lucie
The aim of this work was to analyze the influence of the body frame of dairy Czech fleckvieh cattle on the birth weight of calves. It contains breeding of dairy cattle in the world, production and consumption of milk in the world and in the European Union, description of the breed Czech fleckvieh, linear description and reproduction of cattle. For this purpose were measured and weighted 123 dairy cows and 139 calves. The measurement took place during one calendar year from December 2017 to November 2018 (12 months). These parameters were measured in dairy cows: by using a measuring stick was measured hight at cross (in cm), hip widht (in cm), rump lenght (in cm), body depth (in cm); by using an animeter (tape measure for watching the weight increase in cattle) was measured the body circumference (in cm). In calves were recorded birth weight (in kg), hight at cross (in cm), oblique lenght of the body (in cm), the sex and type of the cattle births (1, 2, 3). It can be stated that a very prominent effect of the body frame of dairy cows on the birth weight of calves was found (p < 0,01). The results show that calves from dairy cows with the largest body frame (146 ≤ cm), respectively with the smallest body frame (≤ 135 cm) had the greatest average birth weight (42.6 kg, respectively 42.8 kg,) and the greatest height in the cross (79.2 cm, respectively 80.6 cm). The significant effect on the birth weight of calves had body weight of dairy cows (p < 0,05). The results show that calves from dairy cows with a weight ≤ 649 kg, respectively with a weight of 951 ≤ kg had an greatest average birth weight (43.8 kg, respectively 43.1 kg). Also there was a significant effect of multiple births on the birth weight of calves, where twin calves had an average birth weight 33.1 kg, while calves from single births had an average birth weight 42.4 kg. The influence of the sex of calves and the influence of the order of lactation on the birth weight of calves were statistically inconclusive.
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